The Child s Sensory Experiences - 1256 Words

As a baby enters the world for the first time, they don’t have words that they can use to express nor describe what they encounter. They use their senses ability to engage with the people in the environment around them. From birth, children learn about the world through touching, tasting, smelling, seeing, and hearing. Sensory plays an important part in the development of the brain. â€Å"Early child development usually follows a sequence, as the child needs to master one skill before he can acquire the next, but all children develop at their own rate† (Best Start, 2016). Describing the child’s sensory experiences at birth, analyzing how these senses develop and become more evolved, and describing what a day in this child’s life might look like by age 1 all play apart in the developmental milestones of a young child. Newborn Milestones My sight is limited at this moment in life, but will continue to get better as I grow up. â€Å"Vision is probably the least well developed of the infant s senses† (Lefracois, 2012, sec. 5.3). I prefer to see my mommy face more than that of my daddy which is the reason why my attachment to her is greater. I was able to hear sounds in the womb especially the voice of mommy and the stories and music that I would hear through the headphones. Hearing for me isn’t all the way developed but I do recognize sounds. My movements are very jerky at this moment. I get startled and cry when sudden noises are brought about. I like to be swaddled which makes meShow MoreRelatedLife s Little Treasures Preschool1399 Words   |  6 Pagesin addition willl also strengthen their play experience, feeling of wellbeing and overall learning (Australian Children s Education Care Quality Authority [ACECQA, 2013, standard 6). Child Safety Keeping children safe in our outdoor learning area is a top priority. All children have the right to experience high quality education and care, in a learning environment that provides for their protection through appropriate supervision, safe experiences and environments, and emergency preparednessRead MoreCognitive And Support The Sensory Experience Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many theoretical perspectives which underpin and support the sensory experience, whom have based their theories around sensory engagement. Jean Piaget is one theorist whom believed that thought developed from actions. Piaget had four stages of development, these are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. The sensorimotor stage is right at the start of our lives. Piaget stated that babies are born with many means of interacting and exploring their environmentRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder : Autism, Asperger Syndrome, And Atypical Autism1499 Words   |  6 Pagesmanifestations (Ingersoll, 2012). Autistic people tend to have unusual sensory experiences. The symptoms relate to certain signs that affect individuals with autism, such as; too sensitive, less sensitive than normal, and/or difficulty interpreting a sense. These experiences do not involve hallucinations (Lord, Cook, Leventhal, Amaral, 2013) Autistic people have sensory experience based on real experiences, like normal people, but the experience may feel or sound different (Ingersoll, 2012). Sometimes, theRead MoreIntroduction The three major motor developmental theories are maturation, sensory processing and1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthree major motor developmental theories are maturation, sensory processing and dynamic. Maturation refers to the biological growth processes that begin at conception and lead to the maturity of the body. These innate (inborn) changes occur in the body, brain and nervous system automatically in an orderly sequence at about the same time for most children. Because these changes are innate, they are not influenced by environmental experiences. Many of our basic abilities are closely tied to maturationRead MoreChild And Teacher Guided Activities Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopmentally appropriate method through the creation of activities that offer each child many opportunities for challenge and success. Support the growth of a child s self-image, self -esteem self- concept. A child s surrounding must offer a safe and stimulating design so that the child could have the f reedom to make decisions, Improve and strengthening decision-making abilities. Children should have access to Both child and teacher guided activities. Domains such as art, drama, language developmentRead MoreOccupational Therapy And Speech Therapy Essay996 Words   |  4 Pagesof critical thinking and awareness of several mental disorders. Each day delivered a level of goals and improvements. Each child that attended this outpatient clinic expressed how valuable and unique they truly are. The individualization was one of the best mechanisms that was transpired on a daily basis. Each day was a new experience to observe communication skills, sensory integration, and fine motor skills. During this semester the determination and the selection of this internship, ensures meRead MoreLa Ventana De Los Cielos Essay839 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific function such as cognition, motor skills, sensory and social skills with the goal to enhance each function. Services offered at La Ventana include horse-based activities, zoo-interaction, aqua-experiences, music and arts and crafts. The standard ratio of staff to patients is one on one. Alth ough there are times where there might not be enough volunteers or not enough kids that attend on a particular day, a volunteer may be left without a child or may have to work with 2 kids. I feel thatRead MoreLifespan Development1516 Words   |  7 Pagesundergo in stage two of lifespan development range from, brain, motor, to sensory/perceptual development, and infant’s overall body height and weight. During the first two years, brain development and the central nervous system experience the most growth increase of any other infant’s body parts. Brain growth and learning transpire simply because neurons grow in size and the number of axons and dendrites, escalate (Carpenter S, amp; Huffman K. 2013a. pp. 237, 238). Meanwhile on the outside of theRead MoreA Critical Reflection on Information Processing Theories of Trauma Response1613 Words   |  7 Pagesincident. In exploring fear reactions, Foa and Kozak (1986b) cite that what differentiates PTSD from anxiety disor ders is that the trauma is of such significance that it violates and destabilizes the individual’s basic sense of safety. As a result, experiences that previously felt safe become associated with danger and subsequent fear and terror. Also, fear networks in PTSD have a much lower threshold of activation, as well as a bias towards searching for and identifying threatening information. TheseRead MoreThe Sensorimotor Stage Of Piaget s Developmental Stages1618 Words   |  7 Pagescontext of a children’s toy entitled: â€Å"Levtex Baby Night Owl Musical Mobile.† An analysis of the child’s perception of this toy will defined through the sensory impressions during the infantile stage. The sensorimotor stage is the stage from birth to 2 years of age, which defines the way tht an infant, recognizes objects through direct sensory impressions and motor activates. The â€Å"owl Mobile† is an example of the visual and audio perceptions for an infant that wou ld be good for this stage of development

Caring Caring And Nursing - 1080 Words

Caring Reflection Nurses have the reputation of being caring. They run to your bedside when you call and are there to support you through your visit. Ideally, their purpose is to nurse us back to health. Nurses should focus on their ability to care for patients, as it enables a strong professional nurse and patient relationship, but they should also know their limits. Caring and Nursing Definition of Care. When I think of caring, I think of showing concern or compassion for someone. Caring is extremely important, and why I believe this is care often eases people’s worries. In The Art of Nursing, it talks about a bewildered mother who’s baby is in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit connected to tubes and surrounded by monitors, but when the†¦show more content†¦81). The Art of Nursing states, â€Å"an engaged and sustained relationship between patient and nurse is the ideal context for caring, since within this relationship the nurse has ample opportunities to get to know the patient and her needs.† (Cooper, 2001. p. 81-82). Though, the care for patients is not dependable on relationships (Cooper, 2001). Caring can also take the form of frequency of caring encounters. Not all nurses have caring encounters with patients, some rarely ever, but as a nurse you are encouraged to look for opportunities to seize caring encounte rs with your patients (Cooper, 2001). Demonstration of Care. Nurses have many ways they are able to demonstrate care. The tone of your voice, pace, rhythm and intonation, will impact your message and the patient is able to feel comfortable with you (Kozier, 2014, p. 428). An important way to demonstrate a nurse cares is by using open-ended questions. This invites the patient to elaborate on their thoughts and feelings (Kozier, 2014). Offering yourself is also a method used to demonstrate care, such as offering to sit with the patient until they feel all right, or until their family arrives, without making demands or conditions they must apply to. (Kozier, 2014) This will often make them feel comfortable. Active listening and demonstrating an interest convey an attitude of caring,

Analysis of Personality Traits of an Individual-Free-Sample

Question: Psychology of personality looks for answers to numerous questions. In what ways do human beings differ? In what situations and along what dimensions do they differ? Why do they differ? How much do they differ? How consistent are human differences? Answer: Introduction Personality is considered as a combination of qualities as well as characteristics that define the attitude and the behaviour of an individual. In the words of Buss Plomin (2014), personality can be considered as a set up various habits that an individual possess by which a character can be defined. The essay discusses the concept of personality and the issues that are normally related to the topic. Various questions emerge from personalities such as the difference between two human beings and the dimension that differentiates their behaviour. The essay talks about such issues and focuses on related theories that help in understanding the concept in a better manner. Apart from this, the factors that affect the personality of an individual is also defined that highlights the identifiable traits based on which personality can be defined. The essay analyses the personality traits of an individual to understand the effect personality have on the life and behaviour of the person. Discussion According to Hancock (2016), personality can be defined as a characteristic that individuals possess that evolve from the exposure to biological and environmental factors. It is a set of habitual behaviours, cognitions and emotional patterns that are based mainly due to the behaviours that an individual is exposed to. It can often be referred to as characteristics or thinking pattern of individuals that help to distinguish one person from another. Jones Paulhus (2014) stated that while studying personality, psychologists have to keep in mind a couple of areas. The first of these areas include understanding the differences that individuals have related to a particular characteristic. These characteristics include the ability of an individual to be sociable and the ability of an individual to be irritable. Such characteristic trends are imposed on an individual by the society by analysing the level of interaction that is maintained. The other area that psychologists focus is about understanding the manner in which an individual develops itself in the society. The behaviour and attitude of an individual are analysed to conclude regarding this area of personality development. In this regard, certain scholars argue that personality may arise in an individual from the exposure it has with the society (Parks-Leduc, Feldman Bardi, 2015). However, an argument has been made against this statement, stating that personality of an individual is subject to change with the change in environment (Mttus et al., 2017). In this regard, it can be said that personality can also be defined as the study that aims to explain the tendencies behind the certain behaviour of individuals. The learning, motivation and interaction that they have with the environment often play a key role in defining the personality trait of an individual. Hence, personality raises certain questions that need to be solved so that the issues that are related to it can be analysed in a proper manner. In this regard, it can be said that the issues related to personality can be defined in a broader manner that highlights the necessary questions while understanding the personality of individuals. As observed by Judge Zapata (2015) the personality of an individual can be a subject to various questions that need to be solved in order to conduct a perfect analysis. The difference in a human being is one such question that needs to be defined while analysing the personality of the individuals. Individuals tend to change their behaviour with the changes in the situation. It is to be noted that every behavioural trait of an individual is largely based on the stimulus it receives from the environment. The manner in which the people are treated in a social environment plays a key role in the development of personality of every individual. Spielberger et al., (2017) is of the view that family behaviour also plays an important role for developing the personality of the individuals. The two dimensions of family and social environment provides psychologists with the idea to assess the personality characteristics of the people. The difference in the behaviours of the people is attributed to the treatment that they receive. For example, a person growing up in an abusive and hostile environment both socially and in terms of the family may have an angry and hostile personality. This behavioural trait may lead the person to be an outcast in an environment that is friendly and casual about life. In this, case, however, Soto, Kronauer Liang (2015) stated that the personality of the individual may change as being a part of a society is one of the motivational factors that drive a human being. Hence, it can be said that the consistency of the human behavioural differences cannot be measured as such due to the variety of factors that are needed to be considered. These factors help in analysing the personality traits and provide an overview of the requirements that psychologists need to analyse to understand the personality of the individuals. It is to be noted that the questions related to the personality of the people may often lead to the factor that helps in influencing the personality of an individual. Hence, analysis of the factors can help in determining the causes behind the existence of various personality traits among individuals. Debates exist about the place in which the personality of an individual develops. The maturity level of a child, the interaction with the society and the experiences encountered by an individual are some of the factors that lead to the growth of personality (Piedmont, 2014). It has been seen that stable ways exist in the environment that triggers the growth of thoughts, feelings and behaviours of an individual. Generic factors: Most scholars consider heredity as the major factor that leads to the growth of personality. It has been stated that the manner in which an individual interacts with the family members help in the development of personality. Studies have also shown that 15% to 50% of the personality traits in an individual are inherited from the parents (Judge et al., 2014). Early experience: Like in the development of children, the early stages of growth act as a triggering factor in the personality of an individual. The experiences individual witness from an early childhood period accounts for the development of personality traits within an individual. The experiences can be in the form of social-environmental factors as well as experiences gained within the family. Primary groups: O'Boyle et al., (2015) found that family involvement plays a crucial role in the development of personality of an individual. This is mainly because of the fact that children spent most of their time with the family rather than the outside social environment. It has been seen that some of the hostile personality that has been developed within individuals have been due to traumatised childhood experience. This leads to an emotional imbalance between individuals. Culture: The cultural factor can be considered as a social trend that aids in the development of personality. It is expected that individuals need to behave in the manner demanded by the society. A prime example of this is the behaviour showed by boys and girls. However, criticism has been made that defines the un-uniform manner in which cultural differences exist in an individual. In order to understand the effectiveness of personality, it is important to analyse the theories related to the concept. One such theory that can be related to personality is the psychoanalytic theory. According to Choi, Oh and Colbert (2015), this theory tries to explain the behaviour of individuals based on the interaction of different components. The human personality can be divided into three components such as id, ego and super ego. The id is defined as the principle that demands gratification no matter the situation that is at hand. The ego of an individual is developed to find out the reality of the issue and the manner in which it can be aligned with the demand in the changing market. The super ego also called the conscience imposes moral judgements and social rules on the ego of an individual. According to Salem et al., (2015), the interaction of these three components makes up the personality of an individual. Apart from this theory, the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is one a way of measuring the personality of an individual. This theory together with the Big Five Personality model complements one another in understanding the personality of an individual. The characteristics that these two models focus on are almost similar to one another. A questionnaire is provided to the individuals that are collected in the form of a survey. Based on the answers provided by the individuals, five traits are identified. These traits include openness, neuroticism, consciousness, agreeableness and extraversion. In the MBTI model, the traits that are used to analyse the personality traits include the level of extraversion and introversion, sensing and intuition, thinking and feeling along with judging and perceiving. The traits are interrelated to one another and a test result suggests major differences among people. In the words of Nielsen, Glas Einarsen (2017), the Big Five model and the MBTI model together provide an effective way of analysing the personality and finding out the three levels that exist in the analysis of the concept. According to Sutin and Terracciano (2016), every individual has different levels of personality that define the behaviour and thought process of the person. The three levels that mainly define the personality of people can be analysed and the best personality practice can be traced after the analysis. The levels include: Neurotic level: It is considered as the healthiest level of personality trait that can be present among an individual. People that have strong neuroticism have intact reality thinking and are always aware of the presence of other people. These people are also self-conscious and rely on defence mechanisms that are more matured and calculated. As observed by Barnett et al., (2015) these type of people can distinguish between the real world and the virtual world in a clearer manner. These people can analyse their strengths and weaknesses that lead them to be more effective in terms of having a strong personality. Psychotic level: This level is at the opposite level of the dimension. The psychotic level is often termed as a personality trait that promotes disorganised behaviour. These people compromise reality and have an inconsistent awareness about self and others. Like the neurotic level, people belonging to this level also use defence mechanism for their argument. However, the maturity level of the arguments is weak and people remain delusional about the environment that is around them. The biggest disadvantage in this level is that people do not have a clear sense of the nature of their strengths and weaknesses. Borderline level: This exists in the middle of the dimension. People possessing this type of personality are cautious and the level of reality testing of an individual is generally intact. According to Nolen-Hoeksema and Rector (2015), people in this level have a fragmented image of self and others. This leads them to have a fragmented view of themselves and fail to understand the strengths and weaknesses that exist in their personality. Thus, the three levels of personality broadly define the dimensions in which human beings can be classified. Based on the three levels an analysis can be made of the personality of an individual. To gain a more practical perspective about personality I had conducted a personality test on my friend. The test was based on the MBTI theory and a questionnaire was provided to my friend. The results of the personality showed that my friend had an ENTP type personality. ENTP denotes Extravert, Intuitive, Thinking and Perceiving. The result of the test shows that my friend prefers to be more extroverts to an introvert. This suggests that he can be described as an outgoing and talkative person. Larsen et al., (2017) opined that an extrovert person likes to have a fast-paced life and interact more with the others. My friend possesses such a quality as he often tries to work with other people while solving problems or for doing any work. Figure: Test result of MBTI (Source: Created by author) My friend is also more intuitive than sensing which signifies that he can imagine the possibilities of the way things can be. One of the talents that an intuitive person possess is the fact that they can notice the big picture and understand the manner in which it connects the people and the things (Revelle, 2017). My friend also likes to provide a description of events and things but in a more poetic manner. This helps him to make ideas and concepts for the sake of balancing work and life. Apart from this, the test result shows that my friend prefers to think rather than feel things. This signifies that he makes decisions using logical manner in an impersonal manner. This result suggests that he provides value to justice and fairness and enjoy finding flaws in the work done by other people. Beck, Davis Freeman (2015) termed this characteristic trait as levelheaded and reasonable. The final analysis that can be made based on the test is that he is more perceiving rather than judging. He prefers to have matters settled in a subtle manner. He is of the view that rules and deadlines need to be respected and everything needs to be done in a detailed manner following every step. Hence, it can be said that such a personality can have certain effects on personal life as well as professional life. The effectiveness of the ENTP personality trait on the lives of an individual can be both positive as well as negative. The positive factor of this trait in life is that people are knowledgeable and thereby does not pass over any opportunity that provides a learning experience. The information that the people seek is not for a planned purpose. These people like to keep a record of things that they have learned and use them in a way that defines the level of creativity that exists among them. According to Morey (2015), the flexible minds of the people help them to cash-in on the knowledge that they possess and use it against any people opposing them. Another positive influence that an ENTP personality trait provides is that these people are excellent analysts. They have the tendency to analyse a situation from every possible angle and find the best solution that is suitable for the particular situation. They tend to combine the originality as well as the knowledge they possess in solving a situation. However, according to Pervin (2015), people with the ENTP personality reject the opinion of other people in a remorseless manner. Most scholars are of the opinion that despite such remorseless attitude, ENTP is considered as the best analysts during any analytical situation. ENTP people are also energetic. They jump at the opportunity to use their talents and gain opportunities to increase their knowledge. The fact that these people are witty and have a way with words makes them an intriguing factor among other people. This helps them to be enthusiast and full of energy. They do not complain if they have to work for long hours, as long as the work suites their personality. The urge of finding a proper solution to a particular problem keeps these people motivated. They may end up making innovative things that may help in their work life. Having an ENTP person around in an organisation provides for these types of advantages. However, there are certain disadvantages as well that may get the ENTP people in trouble. One of the disadvantages of this type of personality is the fact that they are quite argumentative. As stated by Cervone Pervin (2015) this particular characteristic of the people may be because they are more knowledgeable than the other types of people. These people consider the arguments as a form of mental exercise that helps them to gain more knowledge by communicating with others. The ENTP people intimidate the personality types that possess the qualities of conscious approach. The fear of being shut down makes it difficult to work with these types of people in an organisation. At the same time, ENTP misjudges the feelings of other people as they remain rational and focus on the reality of an event. Such argumentative nature leads the ENTP people to be intolerant as well. This creates a huge problem for the people working the ENTP has most of the times, the ENTP tend to lose their calmness. Tyrer, Reed Crawford (2015) stated that an intolerance attitude is a form of mental sparring that takes place between the people possessing such a personality trait with those that are not. They have a tendency to dismiss the ideas as well as the people suggesting the ideas on the grounds of unrealistic approach. This leads the ENTP people to lose focus on a topic instantly. Thus, this can be a challenging factor for the people with this personality type. Conclusion Hence, it can be said that personality of an individual varies due to the exposure of the individual in the social and economic life. Debated remain whether personality is derived from the social context or individuals are born with it. However, it cannot be denied that personality is an important characteristic that defines an individual. The issues faced while analysing personality can be solved with the application of the theories. It has been seen that the application of Myers Briggs Type Indicator and the Big Five Personality Traits can help in finding a response to the questions and analyse the characteristics of an individual in a proper manner. The analysis of the individual suggested that a good personality plays an important role in life. Most people are judged by the personality that they possess and it is important that individuals maintain a personality that is aligned with their personal nature and the requirements of the society. References Barnett, T., Pearson, A. W., Pearson, R., Kellermanns, F. W. (2015). Five-factor model personality traits as predictors of perceived and actual usage of technology.European Journal of Information Systems,24(4), 374-390. Beck, A. T., Davis, D. D., Freeman, A. (Eds.). (2015).Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. Guilford Publications. Buss, A.H. Plomin, R., (2014).Temperament (PLE: Emotion): Early developing personality traits(Vol. 3). Psychology Press. Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2015).Personality, binder ready version: theory and research. John Wiley Sons. Choi, D., Oh, I. S., Colbert, A. E. (2015). Understanding organizational commitment: A meta-analytic examination of the roles of the five-factor model of personality and culture.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(5), 1542. Hancock, D. (2016). To test or not to test: Assessing personality traits.Practice Management,26(5), 23-25. Jones, D. N., Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the short dark triad (SD3) a brief measure of dark personality traits.Assessment,21(1), 28-41. Judge, T. A., Zapata, C. P. (2015). The personsituation debate revisited: Effect of situation strength and trait activation on the validity of the Big Five personality traits in predicting job performance.Academy of Management Journal,58(4), 1149-1179. Judge, T. A., Simon, L. S., Hurst, C., Kelley, K. (2014). What I experienced yesterday is who I am today: Relationship of work motivations and behaviors to within-individual variation in the five-factor model of personality.Journal of Applied Psychology,99(2), 199. Larsen, R. J., Buss, D. M., Wismeijer, A., Song, J., van den Berg, S. M. (2017).Personality psychology: Domains of knowledge about human nature. McGraw Hill Education. Morey, L. C. (2015).Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Mttus, R., Kandler, C., Bleidorn, W., Riemann, R., McCrae, R. R. (2017). Personality traits below facets: The consensual validity, longitudinal stability, heritability, and utility of personality nuances.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,112(3), 474. Nielsen, M. B., Glas, L., Einarsen, S. (2017). Exposure to workplace harassment and the Five Factor Model of personality: A meta-analysis.Personality and individual differences,104, 195-206. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Rector, N. A. (2015).Abnormal psychology. Boston: McGraw-Hill. O'Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., Story, P. A., White, C. D. (2015). A meta?analytic test of redundancy and relative importance of the dark triad and five?factor model of personality.Journal of Personality,83(6), 644-664. Parks-Leduc, L., Feldman, G., Bardi, A. (2015). Personality traits and personal values: A meta-analysis.Personality and Social Psychology Review,19(1), 3-29. Pervin, L. A. (Ed.). (2015).Goal concepts in personality and social psychology. Psychology Press. Piedmont, R. L. (2014). Five Factor Model of Personality. InEncyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research(pp. 2282-2282). Springer Netherlands. Revelle, W. R. (2017). psych: Procedures for personality and psychological research. Salem, M., Lakatos, G., Amirabdollahian, F., Dautenhahn, K. (2015). Would you trust a (faulty) robot?: Effects of error, task type and personality on human-robot cooperation and trust. InProceedings of the Tenth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction(pp. 141-148). ACM. Soto, C. J., Kronauer, A., Liang, J. K. (2015).Five?Factor Model of Personality. John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Spielberger, C. D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalicio, L. F., Natalicio, D. S. (2017). The state-trait anxiety inventory.Revista Interamericana de Psicologia/Interamerican Journal of Psychology,5(3 4). Sutin, A. R., Terracciano, A. (2016). Five?factor model personality traits and the objective and subjective experience of body weight.Journal of personality,84(1), 102-112. Tyrer, P., Reed, G. M., Crawford, M. J. (2015). Classification, assessment, prevalence, and effect of personality disorder.The Lancet,385(9969), 717-726

Social Studies George Meade Do You Know Who Was The General For The Se

social studies George Meade Do you know who was the general for the Second Battle of Bull Run? Everyone knows what the Second Battle of Bull Run is but who was the general? Some people even know that the North won that battle. Most people do not know that General George Meade defeated General Lee at that battle. General George Mead accomplished much during wartime. General George Meade had many accomplishments during wartime. First of all, he defeated General Lee at the Second Battle of Bull Run. Why would not General Meade crush General Lee at this battle and end the war there? Facts say that heavy fog and rain forced Meade to stop. Likewise, on June 1, !863 a surprise encounter forced his troops into the Battle of Gettysburg, the greatest battle on American soil. This battle came about when General Lee's army needed shoes. The two forces met here on accident and fought to a victory for the North. Lee acknowledged his defeat and retreated to Virginia. Not only did Meade serve in the Civil War, but also served in the Mexican War. He served in the battles of Palo Alto, Monterey, and Veracruz. During these he served under General Zachory Taylor. To sum up, General George Meade accomplished many things during his time at war. Each of General George Meade's accomplishments had one major effect on how life is today. To start, if Meade had not defeated Lee at the Second Battle of Bull Run the war would not have started off positively for the North. This was important because the soldiers gained their confidence when they won this battle. If the North would have lost the entire war the U.S. would be two different countries. Secondly, Meade's defeat of Lee at the accidental Gettysburg. This was a battle that turned the war around and gave the North the advantage. This was the North's first victory in a long time. Finally, if the U.S. had not have won the Mexican War, Where Meade served as a soldier, the U.S. would not have gained the southwest portion of the c ountry. This ,as you remember, was where the gold rush took place that caused the country to spread out over the land. As has been shown, Meade's accomplishments had many effects on how life is lived today. There are many things that would be different if George Meade had never lived. For one thing, the North might not have won the first battle of the war causing the soldiers to lose confidence and maybe lose the war. If the South had won the war the U.S. would be split into two countries right now. Also, if the north did not the greatest battle on American soil, Gettysburg, it could have been the end of the war right there at Gettysburg. If the North would have lost the war the U.S. would be two different countries, as was said earlier. Last, if the U.S. had not won the Mexican War we would have lost some of our land to Mexico. The U.S. would have also not had the Gold Rush that took place in California. In conclusion, the country would have been very different if George Meade had never lived. General George Meade accomplished much during wartime. Most people do not know that Meade defeated Lee at the Second Battle of Bull Run . Some people even know that the North won that battle. Everyone knows what the Second Battle of Bull Run is but who was the general? WORKS CITED Cleaves, Freeman. "Meade, George Gordon." Collier's Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. 1989. Sefton, James E. "Meade, George Gordon." The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. 1994. "Meade, George G." Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia. Version 2.01vw. Carlsbad, California: Compton's New Media, 1994. CD-ROM. "Meade, George Gordon." Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 18. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier, 1990. "Meade, George Gordon." Who's Who in American History. Historical Volume. St. Louis, Missouri: Van Hoffman Press,1967. Social Studies George Meade Do You Know Who Was The General For The Se social studies George Meade Do you know who was the general for the Second Battle of Bull Run? Everyone knows what the Second Battle of Bull Run is but who was the general? Some people even know that the North won that battle. Most people do not know that General George Meade defeated General Lee at that battle. General George Mead accomplished much during wartime. General George Meade had many accomplishments during wartime. First of all, he defeated General Lee at the Second Battle of Bull Run. Why would not General Meade crush General Lee at this battle and end the war there? Facts say that heavy fog and rain forced Meade to stop. Likewise, on June 1, !863 a surprise encounter forced his troops into the Battle of Gettysburg, the greatest battle on American soil. This battle came about when General Lee's army needed shoes. The two forces met here on accident and fought to a victory for the North. Lee acknowledged his defeat and retreated to Virginia. Not only did Meade serve in the Civil War, but also served in the Mexican War. He served in the battles of Palo Alto, Monterey, and Veracruz. During these he served under General Zachory Taylor. To sum up, General George Meade accomplished many things during his time at war. Each of General George Meade's accomplishments had one major effect on how life is today. To start, if Meade had not defeated Lee at the Second Battle of Bull Run the war would not have started off positively for the North. This was important because the soldiers gained their confidence when they won this battle. If the North would have lost the entire war the U.S. would be two different countries. Secondly, Meade's defeat of Lee at the accidental Gettysburg. This was a battle that turned the war around and gave the North the advantage. This was the North's first victory in a long time. Finally, if the U.S. had not have won the Mexican War, Where Meade served as a soldier, the U.S. would not have gained the southwest portion of the c ountry. This ,as you remember, was where the gold rush took place that caused the country to spread out over the land. As has been shown, Meade's accomplishments had many effects on how life is lived today. There are many things that would be different if George Meade had never lived. For one thing, the North might not have won the first battle of the war causing the soldiers to lose confidence and maybe lose the war. If the South had won the war the U.S. would be split into two countries right now. Also, if the north did not the greatest battle on American soil, Gettysburg, it could have been the end of the war right there at Gettysburg. If the North would have lost the war the U.S. would be two different countries, as was said earlier. Last, if the U.S. had not won the Mexican War we would have lost some of our land to Mexico. The U.S. would have also not had the Gold Rush that took place in California. In conclusion, the country would have been very different if George Meade had never lived. General George Meade accomplished much during wartime. Most people do not know that Meade defeated Lee at the Second Battle of Bull Run . Some people even know that the North won that battle. Everyone knows what the Second Battle of Bull Run is but who was the general? WORKS CITED Cleaves, Freeman. "Meade, George Gordon." Collier's Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. 1989. Sefton, James E. "Meade, George Gordon." The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. 1994. "Meade, George G." Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia. Version 2.01vw. Carlsbad, California: Compton's New Media, 1994. CD-ROM. "Meade, George Gordon." Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 18. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier, 1990. "Meade, George Gordon." Who's Who in American History. Historical Volume. St. Louis, Missouri: Van Hoffman Press,1967.

Free Essays on Facing Mt. Kenya

â€Å"†¦I have tried my best to record facts as I know them, mainly through a lifetime of personal experiences†¦My chief object is not to enter into controversial discussion†¦but to let the truth speak for itself (Kenyatta xvii).† Jomo Kenyatta’s Facing Mount Kenya is read as a work of anthropology. Kenyatta takes the reader through the birth, initiation, sex, marriage, family and death of every Gikuyu. Kenyatta’s primary purpose in writing this book was to give a â€Å"true† description of the African culture. He uses his knowledge of the roles of males and females in the Gikuyu society to portrait a convincing Gikuyu society. He also tries to clarify the misunderstandings of polygamy and male and female circumcision. Males and females both play important roles in the Gikuyu society. Kenyatta displays this by dividing the roles of males and females throughout the entire book. There are certain jobs that the man can only do and there are certain jobs that woman can only do. Kenyatta writes, â€Å"†¦the system of division of labour between men and women, at home and in trades, is very important among the Gikuyu (Kenyatta 84).† Pottery and basket making are examples of jobs that are completely done from start to finish by women. The Gikuyu men are in charge of iron making. Both men and women work together in constructing a hut, however, they each have certain roles. Kenyatta states, â€Å"The work of cutting wood necessary for building falls on men; women take the responsibility of providing thatching grass and other materials (Kenyatta 95).† Men and women also share work during the harvest seasons. The men cut out maize or millet stalks, while the women do the actual har vesting and carrying the harvest home. These are just few of the examples of the roles that both sexes play. Kenyatta uses the roles of men and women to provide a more accurate picture of the Gikuyu daily activities. Eating and drinking is an... Free Essays on Facing Mt. Kenya Free Essays on Facing Mt. Kenya â€Å"†¦I have tried my best to record facts as I know them, mainly through a lifetime of personal experiences†¦My chief object is not to enter into controversial discussion†¦but to let the truth speak for itself (Kenyatta xvii).† Jomo Kenyatta’s Facing Mount Kenya is read as a work of anthropology. Kenyatta takes the reader through the birth, initiation, sex, marriage, family and death of every Gikuyu. Kenyatta’s primary purpose in writing this book was to give a â€Å"true† description of the African culture. He uses his knowledge of the roles of males and females in the Gikuyu society to portrait a convincing Gikuyu society. He also tries to clarify the misunderstandings of polygamy and male and female circumcision. Males and females both play important roles in the Gikuyu society. Kenyatta displays this by dividing the roles of males and females throughout the entire book. There are certain jobs that the man can only do and there are certain jobs that woman can only do. Kenyatta writes, â€Å"†¦the system of division of labour between men and women, at home and in trades, is very important among the Gikuyu (Kenyatta 84).† Pottery and basket making are examples of jobs that are completely done from start to finish by women. The Gikuyu men are in charge of iron making. Both men and women work together in constructing a hut, however, they each have certain roles. Kenyatta states, â€Å"The work of cutting wood necessary for building falls on men; women take the responsibility of providing thatching grass and other materials (Kenyatta 95).† Men and women also share work during the harvest seasons. The men cut out maize or millet stalks, while the women do the actual har vesting and carrying the harvest home. These are just few of the examples of the roles that both sexes play. Kenyatta uses the roles of men and women to provide a more accurate picture of the Gikuyu daily activities. Eating and drinking is an...

Apartheid Era Pass Laws of South Africa

Apartheid Era Pass Laws of South Africa As a system, apartheid focused on separating South African Indian, Colored, and African citizens according to their race. This was done to promote the superiority of Whites and to establish the minority White regime. Legislative laws were passed to accomplish this, including the Land Act of 1913, the Mixed Marriages Act of 1949, and the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950- all of which were created to separate the races. Under apartheid, pass laws were designed to control the movement of Africans and they are considered one of the most grievous methods that the South African government used to support apartheid. The resulting legislation (specifically Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents Act No. 67 of 1952) introduced in South Africa required black Africans to carry identity documents in the form of a reference book when outside a set of reserves (later known as homelands or bantustans). Pass laws evolved from regulations that the Dutch and British enacted during the 18th and 19th-century slave economy of the Cape Colony. In the 19th century, new pass laws were enacted to ensure a steady supply of cheap African labor for the diamond and gold mines. In 1952, the government passed an even more stringent law that required all African men age of 16 and over to carry a reference book (replacing the previous passbook) which held their personal and employment information. (Attempts to force women to carry pass books in 1910, and again during the 1950s, caused strong protests.) Pass Book Contents The pass book was similar to a passport in that it contained details about the individual, including a photograph, fingerprint, address, the name of his employer, how long the person had been employed, and other identifying information. Employers often entered an evaluation of the pass holders behavior. As defined by law, an employer could only be a White person. The pass also documented when permission was requested to be in a certain region and for what purpose, and whether that request was denied or granted. Under law, any governmental employee could remove these entries, essentially removing permission to stay in the area. If a pass book didnt have a valid entry, officials could arrest its owner and put him in prison. Colloquially, passes were known as the dompas, which literally meant the dumb pass. These passes became the most hated and despicable symbols of apartheid. Violating Pass Laws Africans often violated the pass laws in order to find work and support their families and thus lived under constant threat of fines, harassment, and arrests. Protest against the suffocating laws drove the anti-apartheid struggle- including the Defiance Campaign in the early 50s and the huge womens protest in Pretoria in 1956. In 1960, Africans burned their passes at the police station in Sharpeville and 69 protesters were killed. During the 70s and 80s, many Africans who violated pass laws lost their citizenship and were deported to impoverished rural homelands. By the time the pass laws were repealed in 1986, 17 million people had been arrested.

Chapter 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 8 - Essay Example he government of France indicated that in order for any firm to challenge Boeing’s dominance and supremacy, government subsidies must be engaged so that any potential competition for Boeing could present below-market cost to the end consumers. This was engaged and Airbus began to be heavily subsidized by the French government. This trend has continued, to varying degrees, up until the present time. However, Boeing soon began to feel the impact of these government subsidies and could not continue to compete within industry that was not only turning a massive profit, but was also heavily subsidized. As such, Boeing lobbied and effectively garnered a high degree of promissory loans, research and development grants, and a litany of other subsidies from the United States government. What this has created is an unnatural form of competition between Airbus and Boeing through which the governments of these respective firms are ultimately in a proxy war of subsidized nation. Naturally, this is not only unhealthy for the firms, it is unhealthy for the consumer and the overall level of product that exist within the market. The case itself reference the fact that in all likelihood, Boeing and Airbus will continue to produce aircraft at a rather alarming rate; creating a glut of commuter aircraft within the market in the next several years. Naturally, this evidence points to the fact that government subsidies with regards to an otherwise competitive environment oftentimes make the situation worse for the end

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example Subsequently, it gives an analysis of data expectations pegged on those in favor of marijuana. It is a site, which portray a tight difference in votes linking it, to accounts of marijuana usage, a factor important in my research. It is in this regards that the site becomes an advance area for my research. Moffatt, M., â€Å"Time to Legalize Marijuana? – 500+ Economists Endorse Marijuana Legalization,† About.com, Accessed 31 July 2012. Retrieved from http://economics.about.com/od/incometaxestaxcuts/a/legalize_pot.htm Legalizing, regulating or taxing marijuana has associated projected revenue. For example, board of equalization’s estimate $1.4 billion potential revenue, from marijuana if regulation is imposed through taxation. This is based on a non-assumed validation of $50/ounce tax not eliminating profit motive and black market dealers. This is an extremely significant information considering the topic of legalizing marijuana. The economic sustainability becomes one of the areas of research prevailing in the current world. It is from this perspective that the site becomes an outrageous source of data for a compulsive analysis of marijuana legalization. In addition, the site provides figure estimates of marijuana legalization as well as the disadvantages of legalization. Last but importantly, the site gives methodologies for establishing standards in legalizing marijuana. This is important for detailed research data. Jan, C. Van Ours, Cannabis use when it's legal, Addictive Behaviors 32 (2007): 1441{ 1450. Drug policies remain one of the contentious issues, which attract emotional charged responses from policy bearers. Is an area of concern especially voter, who shape the outcome using various perspectives according to individual preference and consumption differences. These are some of the information found in the journal by van ours is relevant in my study on the topic of legalizing marijuana. Predictions into various situations likely to arise due to marijuana legalization are a contentious issue, which is a priority of many governments legalizing marijuana. The journal, in addition, provides pro stance information in correlation with past marijuana users an information vital in making a decision before legalizing marijuana. Last but importantly, it is a source of reflective information from abstainers and past users an information necessary in my area of research. Welchand, William M. and Leinwand, Donna. â€Å"Slowly, states are lessening limits on marijuana.† USA TODAY, 2010. Accesed on 31 July 2012, Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-03-08-marijuana_N.htm The site provides information on various countries considering legalizing marijuana. It gives the history of marijuana beginning with all the laws that protect people as well as any attempts in the past to legalize it. From the site, 20,000 police officers consider legalizing marijuana a right step towards reducing the crime. Conseq uently, the book covers marijuana as a medical plant used in various health institutions for treatment. The book is therefore important in the debate of discussion legalization of marijuana as it also analyses the effects of regulating marijuana on the economy as well as on taxation. Last but importantly, the book concludes giving both sides of main topic of discussion, legalizing

Evaluation of five sites Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of five sites Essay The first website which I have chosen to do an evaluation on is a mobile company called, Vodafone. www. vodafone. co. uk The purpose of this website is to give Vodafone customers a chance to see the new deals the company have to offer, and to view the latest mobile handsets on the market. I my first impression of this website, is that it is very basic and easy to understand. The website designer has kept the theme of grey and red colours, throughout the whole website. I feel that this gives the feeling to the users a sense of professionalism. The website is full of hyperlinks which are quite easy to follow as, they are marked quite clearly. The website has been divided into six sections, but to view most of these you must register your details. By registering your details you are entitled to access free monthly web texts, and also you may be able to receive free registering credit. These offers are highlighted quite clearly on the website these make it appealing for the user to continue to brose the website. This will then entail the users to become a regular user of the Vodafone services. To conclude I feel that this website is quite appealing and I feel that the use of colour is just right, as too much colour may lead users to think that the website is designed for younger use. I liked the website because, it had attractive special offers to regular computer users and Vodafone customers. Overall I give this website a rating of 9/10. My second evaluation is on the website for the television soap, Eastenders. Here is the homepage of the website: This website is designed to provide viewers of the latest storylines, information on the soaps charters and also there are games for those to have a better understanding on what is going on the weekly soap. My first impression of this website is quite different to that of the Vodafone website. I feel now after viewing the graphics to this, the Vodafone website is quite plain. I feel that this homepage would be very appealing to people of all ages whom are interested in the daily soap. There are many different hyperlinks which lead into a series of completely different areas of the website. These different areas include, backstage knowledge, games, latest storylines and competitions. These are quite easy to access and are marked very clearly for anyone who visits the website for the first time. The colours, which have been used, are very imaginative, and very eye catching. In the background it has a picture of one of the leading ladies who is taking part in this weeks biggest storyline. This makes the user feel interested in what is going to happen in the next episode; therefore they stay to view the link. Overall I think so far out of the two website I have viewed that this would appeal most to me as a regular user of the Internet and its services. The third website which I have chosen to evaluate is a well-known music television programme called, cd: UK www. cduk. com It is designed to show viewers what goes on behind the scenes, up and coming venues and dates, information on the weekly stars which appear on the show, and the latest music charts in UK I found that this website was very eye-catching, with bright colours and imaginative. But the first thing that I noticed was the unnecessary icons in which the web designer has included. Users are able to change the background colour of the website which really in no use or in connection with the website or what it is about. Also to view the comments, which the readers have written there, is a very awkward scroll that you have to use. I feel that young sers or those with disabilities would not very easily use this, as it is not marked clearly on the page. On the other hand I feel that the graphics are quite good once you find your way around them though its hard to find your way around. I feel that this website could be improved a lot if the scroll bar was presented in a more simplified manner to make it user to access the information. Also if unnecessary things such as colour changes were not on the homepage would make this more appealing to older Internet users. My fourth evaluation is on a movie website, www. harrypotter. com: My first impression of this website is that it keeps the theme of ancient drawings and colours throughout the website. Which I feel is quite relevant to the movie. There is plenty of hyperlinks, which gives many clips form, the actual movie, which for those who havent seen it would be encourage doing so. I think that the graphics here are particularly good, again with an ancient feeling. I found that this was quite simple to use, and I could make my way around the various links very easily. By simply clinking on the enter link, you are able to take a look inside the castle in which the movie is based inside, which has very detailed graphics which, I feel are very impressive. Also again there is a message board for the viewers to post their comments about the website. Overall I think that this website has had the best graphics so far, and is quite interesting for the viewer to browse through. I dont think that I could point out any main features that could be improved as, I was very impressed with the whole website. My fifth and final evaluation is on the website.

Birth of American Newspaper -- essays research papers fc

The Birth of the American Newspaper It has been said that the true newspaper must meet these qualifications: (1) it must be published at least once a week; (2) it must be produced by mechanical means (to distinguish it from handwritten "newes letters"); (3) it must be available to anyone willing to pay the price, regardless of class or special interest; (4) it must print anything of interest to a general public, as contrasted with some of the religious and business publications; (5) it must have an appeal to a public of ordinary literary skill; (6) it must be timely, or at least relatively so, in the light of technical development; and (7) it must have stability, as contrasted to the fly-by-night publications of more primitive times. -Emery and Smith, 1954 Before the printing press or printing plates hand written pamphlets were the means for communicating anything over a distance of land or sea. Documentation, for those who were literate, played major roles in politics long before today’s modern Sunday Advertisers. In 1566, the Venetian Magistracy ordered accounts of the war in Dalmatia to be read and posted in public places. Persons interested in this news paid a small coin, called a gazetta, for the privilege of obtaining it. As far back as 69 BC, news sheets known as Acta Diurna were posted in public places in Rome (Emery and Smith, 1954)." It might be said that the newsp...

Copyright infringement case between Leibovitz and Paramount Pictures Corporation Essay

Copyright infringement case between Leibovitz and ParamountPictures Corporation Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Copyright infringement is the duplication, circulation, presentation, or cradling of a copyrighted part of work lacking the clear approval of the copyright holder or owner. The idea of Infringement is a strict offense that interrupts different limited rights granted to those who on copyright (Gerstenblith, 2004). In this case, the ad adds a bit new and succeeds as a transformative exertion. In addition, because the grinning face of Neilsen differentiate the serious appearance of Moore, the advertisement may practically be alleged as remarking on the solemnity of the original, conveying it within one of the purposes. Idea that the ad is diverse from the original is not negative as to whether it comments. Here, the ad varies in a way that may practically be alleged as remarking through tease on the seriousness borne in the original or the attractiveness of the expectant female physique. Therefore, the parody was used to stimulate a marketabl e product that is the motion picture and the stable parodist nature of the advertisement balances in favor of ruling fair use (Sobel, 1979).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, referring to the infringement case between photographer Leibovitz and the paramount pictures corporation, the case is entitled to little safety under the fair application of defense. The circumstance that the copyrighted work is innovative from the photographer and thus adjacent to the principal purpose of copyright protection is implausible to supplement much in terms of parody examination because parodies defines expressive works, this means that Leibovitz was all right since little attention is given to the issue in the general analysis because it ascends in the background of parody. This parody will possibly not influence the market for the unique copy because the parody and unique usually serve diverse market purposes. According to the appellant, the advertisement did not hamper with a market for her photo and derived works centered upon her photo and therefore this factor favors Paramount (Sobel, 1979).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of parodies can be explained through; the quantity and value of the materials taken from the unique work, enough of the original, desertion from the previous condition that for a parody to be eligible to unbiased use defense in order to conjure up the unique, whether the quantity of work used is reasonable depending on the level to which the duplicate work override purpose and personality to the original (Gerstenblith, 2004). Leibovitz description of a naked, pregnant body impersonated in a certain mode is not allowed to safety since such posturing long ago passed in the public purview and therefore this factor favours defendant. The main analysis should be whether the replication work merely replaces the object of the original or as an alternative puts something new, with more purpose or diverse character, changing the first with new appearance, implication, or communication. References Sobel, L. S. (1979). Entertainment law reporter. Beverly Hills, Calif: Entertainment Law Reporter Pub. Co.Gerstenblith, P. (2004). Art, cultural heritage, and the law: Cases and materials. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press. Source document

The Play Develops Essay

Eddie, Beatrice and Catherine, living a cocooned life in Red Hook, Brooklyn. Then came Marco and Rodolpho, Beatrice’s cousins from Italy, and their insignificant world was turned upside down, and a series of events lead to Eddie’s demise. During the first act of the play, there are three important events to take into consideration when discussing Eddie and Beatrice’s relationship. Catherine is offered a job and is delighted at the opportunity to earn money and become a working woman. However, she wants to gain Beatrice’s support before telling Eddie about this chance. When she does tell Eddie he is defiant that she will not take this job. This upsets Catherine because she needs Eddie’s approval, as she sees him as a father figure. Beatrice encourages Catherine, but Eddie is pessimistic about the whole opportunity. He makes up excuses as to why she shouldn’t accept the job; such as â€Å"I don’t like that neighbourhood over there. † In reality Eddie is keen to protect her a while longer, and he doesn’t want to let her go and gain independence. In Eddie’s eyes, no one is good enough for Catherine, and he doesn’t want her to be talked about the way Longshoreman talk about other girls. Eddie never admits to protecting Catherine, and Beatrice never actually says this, but it is implied. This is one trait of their relationship- Beatrice’s respect for Eddie in the way that although many things are implied, Beatrice never comes out and says them in case she offends Eddie. This is obvious in the first act of the play, but towards the end this changes. This is also one of the first times there is an implication of an unnatural relationship between Eddie and Catherine. Eddie loves her greatly, and Catherine sees him as a father figure, but Beatrice can see a different side to Eddie’s love, and implies that he loves her in the wrong way. This is only implied all the way through the play, until right at the end. Before the cousins arrive there is an air of expectancy and anticipation. Nai ve Catherine asks what happens if someone asks about the cousins, and Eddie is quick to tell her ‘If you said you knew it, if you didn’t say it you didn’t know it. † There is a code of conduct to be obeyed, and that code is that you never talk about the immigrants or admit knowledge of them- you simply feign ignorance. No one would dare tell the Immigration Bureau for fear of being ostracized from the society. The irony of this code of conduct can be seen later on when Eddie rings the Bureau and snitches on Marco and Rodolpho. When the cousins finally arrive, there is some chemistry between Catherine and Rodolpho, and the audience can see something may develop between them. Eddie senses this, and when talking to the cousins, focuses his attention on Marco. Catherine and Beatrice appreciate Rodolpho’s good humour and enthusiasm, and this makes Eddie uncomfortable. Eddie attempts to prevent Rodolpho from forming a relationship with Catherine. Beatrice feels he should not be interfering, but only implies this. The cousin’s arrival is a turning point in Eddie’s life, as Catherine starts to gain independence and discover the fact she can love someone who is not Eddie.

Origins of the à in Spanish

Origins of the Ñ in Spanish The Spanish letter à ± is original with Spanish and has become one of its most distinctive written features. Where Did the Ñ Come From? As you could probably guess, the à ± came originally from the letter n. The à ± did not exist in the Latin alphabet and was the result of innovations about nine centuries ago. Beginning in about the 12th century, Spanish scribes (whose job it was to copy documents by hand) used the tilde placed over letters to indicate that a letter was doubled (so that, for example, nn became à ± and aa became ). How Is the Ñ Used Today? The popularity of the tilde for other letters eventually waned, and by the 14th century, the à ± was the only place it was used. Its origins can be seen in a word such as aà ±o (which means year), as it comes from the Latin word annus with a double n. As the phonetic nature of Spanish became solidified, the à ± came to be used for its sound, not just for words with an nn. A number of Spanish words, such as seà ±al and campaà ±a, that are English cognates use the à ± where English uses gn, such as in signal and campaign, respectively. The Spanish à ± has been copied by two other languages that are spoken by minorities in Spain. It is used in Euskara, the Basque language that is unrelated to Spanish, to represent approximately the same sound as it has in Spanish. It is also used in Galician, a language similar to Portuguese. (Portuguese uses nh to represent the same sound.) Additionally, three centuries of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines led to the adoption of many Spanish words in the national language, Tagalog (also known as Pilipino or Filipino). The à ± is among the letters that have been added to the traditional 20 letters of the language. And while the à ± isnt part of the English alphabet, it frequently is used by careful writers when using adopted words such as jalapeà ±o, pià ±a colada, or pià ±ata and in the spelling of personal and place names. In Portuguese, the tilde is placed over vowels to indicate that the sound is nasalized. That use of the tilde has no apparent direct connection with the use of the tilde in Spanish. The Rest of the Story After this article was published, this site received additional information from Robert L. Davis, associate professor of Spanish from the University of Oregon: Thanks for including the interesting page on the history of the à ±. In a few places you express uncertainty about some of the details of this history; below I offer the information you need to complete the story. The reason the tilde appears over an N (as in Latin ANNU Sp. aà ±o) and Portuguese vowels (Latin MANU Po. mo) is that scribes wrote a small letter N over the preceding letter in both cases, to save space in manuscripts (parchment was expensive). As the two languages developed phonetically away from Latin, the double N sound of Latin morphed into the current palatal nasal sound of the Ñ, and Portuguese N between vowels got deleted, leaving its nasal quality on the vowel. So readers and writers began to use the old spelling trick to indicate the new sounds that did not exist in Latin. (Its really nice the way you framed the Ñ as the only Spanish letter of Spanish origin!) Also of potential interest to your readers: The word tilde actually refers to both the squiggle over the Ñ as well as the accent mark used to mark phonetic stress (e.g., cafà ©). There is even the verb tildarse, which means, to be written with an accent mark, to stress, as in La palabra cafà © se tilda en la e.The unique character of the letter Ñ has led to its becoming a marker of Hispanic identity in recent years. There is now a generacià ³n Ñ, the children of Spanish-speaking parents in the U.S. (parallel to Generation X, etc.), a stylized Ñ is the logo of the Cervantes Institute (cervantes.es), and so forth.The squiggle under the à § in Portuguese and French has a similar origin as the à ±. It is called a cedille, meaning little Z. It comes from the diminutive of the Old Spanish name for the letter Z, ceda. It was used to represent the ts sound in Old Spanish, which no longer exists in the language. E.g., O.Sp. caà §a (katsa) Mod. Sp. caza (casa or catha).Restaurants in the U.S. now offer dishes made with a very spicy pepper, the habanero, which is frequently mispronounced and misspelled as habaà ±ero. Since the name comes from La Habana, the capital of Cuba, this pepper should not have Ñ. I think the name has been contaminated by jalapeà ±o, which of course is simply a pepper from Jalapa, Mexico.

The Common Application (Definition, Tips, and More)

The Common Application (Definition, Tips, and More) In the 2017-18 academic year, The Common Application is used for undergraduate admissions by nearly 700 colleges and universities. The Common Application is an electronic college application system that collects a wide range of information: personal data, educational data, standardized test scores, family information, academic honors, extracurricular activities, work experience, a personal essay, and criminal history. Financial aid information needs to be handled on the FAFSA. The Reasoning Behind the Common Application The Common Application had modest beginnings in the 1970s when a few colleges and universities decided to make the application process easier for applicants by allowing them to create one application, photocopy it, and then mail it to multiple schools. As the application process moved online, this basic idea of making the application process easier for students has remained. If you are applying to 10 schools, you will need to type in all of your personal information, test score data, family information, and even your application essay just once.   Other similar single-application options have emerged more recently, such as the Cappex Application and the Universal College Application, although these options are not as widely accepted yet.   The Reality of the Common Application The seeming ease of using one application to apply to multiple schools certainly sounds appealing if you are a college applicant. The reality, however, is that the Common Application isnt, in fact, common for all schools, especially the more selective member institutions. While, the Common Application will save you time entering all that personal information, test score data, and details of your extracurricular involvement, individual schools often want to get school-specific information from you. The Common Application has evolved to allow all member institutions to request supplemental essays and other materials from applicants. In the original ideal of the Common App, applicants would write just a single essay when applying to college. Today, if an applicant were to apply to all eight of the Ivy League schools, that student would need to write over thirty essays in addition to the common one in the main application. Moreover, applicants are now allowed to create more than one Comm on Application, so you can, in fact, send different applications to different schools. Like many businesses, the Common Application had to choose between its ideal of being common and its desire to be a widely used application. To achieve the latter, it had to bend to the whims of potential member colleges and universities, and this meant making the application customizable, an obvious move away from being common. What Types of Colleges Use the Common Application? Originally, only schools that evaluated applications holistically  were allowed to use the Common Application; that is, the original philosophy behind the Common Application was that students should be evaluated as whole individuals, not just as a collection of numerical data such as class rank, standardized test scores, and grades. Every member institution needed to take into consideration non-numerical information derived from things such as letters of recommendation,  an  application essay, and extracurricular activities. If a college based admission solely on GPA and test scores, they could not be a member of the Common Application. Today this is not the case. Here again, as the Common Application continues to try and grow its number of member institutions, it has abandoned those original ideals. More colleges and universities do not have holistic admissions than those that do (for the simple reason that a holistic admission process is much more labor intensive than a data-driven process). So in order to open the door to the majority of institutions in the country, the Common Application now allows schools that do not have holistic admissions to become members. This change quickly resulted in the membership of many public institutions that base admission  decisions largely on numerical criteria. Because the Common Application keeps shifting to be inclusive of a wide range of colleges and universities, the membership is quite diverse. It includes nearly all top colleges and top universities, but also some schools that are not selective at all. Both public and private institutions use the Common App, as do several historical black colleges and universities.    The Most Recent Common Application Starting in 2013 with CA4, the newest version of the Common Application, the paper version of the application has been phased out and all applications are now  submitted electronically through the Common Application website. The online application allows you to create different versions of the application for different schools, and the website will also keep track of the different application requirements for the different schools to which you are applying. The roll-out of the current version of the application was fraught with problems, but current applicants should have a relatively trouble-free application process. Many schools will ask for one or more  supplemental essays  to complement the essay you write on one of the seven personal essay options provided on the Common Application. Many colleges will also ask for a short answer essay on one of your extracurricular or work experiences. These supplements will be submitted through the Common Application website with the rest of your application. Issues Related to the Common Application The Common Application is most likely here to stay, and the benefits it provides applicants certainly outweigh the negatives. The application is, however, a bit of a challenge for many colleges. Because it is so easy to apply to multiple schools using the Common App, many colleges are finding that the number of applications they are receiving is going up, but the number of students they are matriculating is not. The Common Application makes it more challenging for colleges to predict the yield from their applicant pools, and as a result, many schools are forced to rely more heavily on waitlists. This uncertainly can come back to bite students who find themselves placed in waitlist limbo because colleges simply cant predict how many students will accept their offers of admission.

Dream your trying to fulfill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dream your trying to fulfill - Essay Example In this way I started my dream to become a lawyer. My dream to become a lawyer was motivated out of many influences. I remember watching television shows that dramatized court-room scenarios. Television shows that intrigued me as the lawyers were able to piece together disparate pieces of information and reach conclusions that nobody ever thought possible. As I researched the legal profession more I came to appreciate the nature of the law as rooted in rules and regulations that were many years old. In addition to this historical aspect, I appreciated the profession as the lawyer had the power to speak for disenfranchised people. At first I appreciated defense attorneys that worked to free people who had been wrongly accused. This interest changed as learned about prosecutors. Rather than defending people who had oftentimes committed crimes, the prosecutor sought justice for people who had been wronged. It was not long before I became involved in volunteer work at the State Attorney office. One of my high school classes required I log volunteer hours, so this was my choice. On a weekly basis I would visit the office and file and organize documents they had. I was given the opportunity to attend portions of trials with the attorneys. This was a very enlightening experience and further directed my efforts. At high school I became involved in the performing arts department. I recognized that there was a significant performance aspect to practicing law, so I began acting in plays. Finally, I worked hard in school to gain admittance to college. Since being admitted to college I have worked towards my goal through my course selections. I recognize the importance of developing strong critical thinking skills, so I have taken courses that challenge my intellect. Additionally, I have worked hard to ensure that I attain high grades in these courses. My recognition in these regards is that th is will ultimately help

Surrogate Mothers and Human Enhancement Dilemmas Assignment - 1

Surrogate Mothers and Human Enhancement Dilemmas - Assignment Example   Moreover, the mother becomes alienated from her labor as well as the child thus violating the mother’s right to consideration. Through the concept of alienation, Anderson (1990) further indicates that commercial surrogacy reduces pregnancy to a form of drudgery performed for money motives, which is against the societal norms. What’s more, Anderson (1990) responds to the objection that the women sign a contract and agreed to be surrogate mothers by articulating that the contract does not guarantee the surrogate mother peace of mind as it merely treats moral transformation as any other economic exchange. Disparagingly, the surrogate agency strives to strike the best deal while leaving the surrogate mother in a position that she can hardly protect and/or serve her interests. Moreover, the woman might have signed the contract out of desperation and vulnerability, a factor which exposes her to exploitation by surrogate agency hence mothers should be allowed to decide what to do with the pregnancy, and surrogate contracts should not be enforceable (Anderson, 1990). Biotechnology is often used in enhancing human nature. However, the entire concept is often contentious with proponents and critics articulating various reasons for and against the use of biotechnology in enhancing the nature of human beings. Buchanan (2009) responds to the objection of using biotechnology to enhance the nature of human beings by accentuating that people possess some characteristics that are not always ideal whereas Parens (2005) provides a context-specific of female Viagra to indicate why biotechnological enhancements are not always viable. Human beings, from a philosophical standpoint, consist of dispositions that shape their behaviors.  

Mid-term Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mid-term Assignment - Essay Example They have brought most of the world influential markets together to breach the boundaries and limits to allow global flow. Through technology, they have been able to offer transport and make efficient communications to the target markets. This has in turn cut down costs that keep most participants out of the market. They have managed to liberate trade activities (Intriligator, pp. 3) with economic liberation being the main topic. Through this, so many changes have happened in that the way the world trade currently is smooth and with minimum barriers. Even if this kind of liberation was started by most countries during the world war, China and the United States have managed to actualize it in time when the world needs it most. This contribution has lowered the trade charges. Factors of production discourage most countries from participating in international businesses. However, these two nations provide the most important factors of production; capital and labor that boost the developing nations. Since they are superpower nations, they have made sure that most of the international markets and links are open to all those willing to take part in. Institutional changes have played a key role in globalization. With improved technology, most companies have managed to expand their market bases. Initially, with little technological knowhow, most of these companies valued local markets. The introduction of great technological means has revolutionized how they operate. This means that their profit have gone beyond their imagination. United States and China have huge multinational companies that are shaping up the industrial structure. Through this, there is increased productivity, power and profit generation because all resources are being utilized. Another good way of incorporating firms is through the use Nongovernmental organizations. These two nations have a will to support the

Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing the internal audit functions

Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing the internal audit functions Internal auditing is an appraisal or monitoring activity established within an entity as a service to the entity. It functions are, among other things, examining, evaluating and reporting to the management and the directors on the adequacy and effectiveness of components of the accounting and internal control systems. An internal audit department in an organization is set by the management or appointed by the board of directors to whom it is answerable. It is headed by the chief internal auditor assisted by the internal audit staff to help cater for the following: To ensure that the business is operating in an efficient and orderly manner. Ensure adherence to management policies. Safeguard the fixed assets of the company and control the current assets. Determine the accuracy and reliability of the company records and accounts. Ensure adherence to companys statutory requirements. Reasons for internal audit function Due to increase in business size, which has reduced the efficiency of the management to have full control of the business, it has become increasingly important for large businesses to have an internal audit function. There is need for improved controls in large companies with branches/subsidiaries as it is hard for the management to supervise such companies. Dynamism in business due to economic, social and technical environment all call for change in the management attitudes and constant appraisal for a change. Responsibilities Regularly examine the accounts to determine their accuracy and reliability. Independent appraisal of the business activities to determine their reliance, accuracy and completeness. Review the company policies, operations and procedures to agree with expectations and standards. Establish and programme adequate accounting system and effective forms of control. Report to management regularly in respect to ICS, e.g., adequacy of staff and development of computerized systems. Act as a consulting department to other user departments e.g. sales, accounting, purchases etc. Provide advice to the management in respect to the changes in the economy and their changes in economy and their changes impact on the industry where the client business does operate. Prepare and present the companys budget. Supervise the progress of the company. Other services to the management. Communication between staff and management Coming up with staff welfare strategies e.g. staff promotion circles for the client. Advantages of internal audit Facilitate the achievement of company policies such as budget targets etc. Enhances the presence of a strong internal control system. Acts as a preventive measure against errors and fraud through constant checking of accounts. Enables external audit to be completed in time i.e. with strong internal control system external auditor will rely on an internal auditors work. Ensures that the company assets are safeguarded against misuse or theft by dishonest employees. Being an employee of the company, an internal auditor is more knowledgeable with the problems facing the company which he will try to solve by advising the party responsible for the proper management of the company. Internal audit ensures compliance with statutory requirements within the organization. Internal audit ensures as far as possible the completeness and accuracy of the records. Disadvantages of having internal audit Over reliance by the management will make the staff take advantage of perpetrating frauds. It is ideal for large companies as it may be very expensive to maintain and thus unaffordable by small companies. Lack of support by management kills the morale and ability to perform its duties effectively. Internal audit reports may be misleading because they do not have liability to the owners of financial statements. Internal auditors may collude with staff leading to misappropriation of resources. Outsourcing the internal audit functions This is the process whereby the management purchases the services of auditing from outside. This is because monitoring and reviewing required by certain companies could be done in a small amount of time and full time employees cannot be justified or it may be expensive to maintain an internal audit function consisting of employees. Advantages Service providers have good quality staff i.e. have specialized skill and assess what management wants them to do. Also they have a high degree of professionalism since the service providers are trained in many areas enhancing the quality of advice to the management on best practices. Outsourcing can provide an immediate audit department instead of employing audit staff thereby cutting costs e.g. salaries to the employees, benefits and allowances. Outsourcing enhances independence and there is minimal room for collision thereby giving value added reports i.e. there is real value for money. Outsourcing enhances the auditor in understanding the business environment policies and procedures thereby increasing the credibility of the financial reports and reducing their liability. Disadvantages The cost of outsourcing the internal audit functions might be high to make the directors not to have the internal audit functions at all. The company might use the same firm for internal and external audit services leading to inferior reports. Outsourcing leads to duplication of efforts if the same procedures are used in gathering evidence in the final audit. Outsourcing is not ideal for small businesses with few transactions. External audits may bring leads to interior reports. I.e. Influence or cause unwanted changes in the way the organization operates. Assessment of internal auditors work Before placing any reliance on the work of the internal auditor, the external auditor must assess the internal auditor and his work in the following areas: 1. Independence: The internal auditor may be an employee of the organization but may be able to organize his own activities and report his findings to high-level management i.e. directors. 2. The scope and objective of the internal audit functions This includes reviewing accounting systems and internal controls, also examining financial and operating information by management including resting of transactions and balances. 3. Due professional care to be useful to an external auditor The internal auditors work must be done in a professional manner i.e. properly planned, controlled, supervised, recorded and reviewed. 4. Technical competence Internal auditors should be members of professional bodies and follow professional ethics in performing their work. Also they should have computer knowledge in performing audit in computerized systems. 5. Reporting standards A useful internal auditor will provide a high standard of reports which are acted upon by management. 6. Resources available An internal audit department that is starved of resources will not be very useful to the external auditor. Factors that influence the external auditor in deciding on the extent to which he may rely on the work of the internal auditor The materiality of the areas or the items to be tested or the information to be obtained in the audit exercise. The level of audit risk inherent in the areas or items to be tested or in the information to be obtained. Specialized skills possessed by the internal audit staff i.e. the level of experience and qualification. Independence of the internal auditor i.e. whom they report to. The level of judgment required i.e. how the internal auditor has gathered and arranged the report and quality of working papers. How the internal auditors have acquired evidence e.g. seeking legal advice from advocates, seeking information from valuers, etc. The efficiency and strength of internal control system. Ways in which the internal audit department can assist the external auditor during his audit work The external auditor can use the internal auditors working papers to gather evidence concerning the companys operations, programs etc. Also the internal auditor can explain technical operations or controls used by the company. He can undertake verification of assets in particular mobile assets, assets held by third parties and branches or subsidiaries which the external auditor may not have a chance to physically verify during his presence. Internal auditors can prepare schedules relating to items in their accounts e.g. asset schedules, debtors schedule, creditors schedules etc which are important for comparison to be made by the external auditor. Internal auditor will pin point the weak areas in control systems which the external auditor will concentrate on.

Cause and Effect Essay: Divorce Causes Problems For Children :: Cause and Effect Essays

For a child, it is very hard loosing a parent. The child's life becomes more stressful because of economic loss and the loss of a supportive parent. Since many children do not adjust well, their behavior is affected. The change is devastating for many children and it affects their entire life. Divorce of parents causes many problems and affects children negatively. The loss of a parent can cause loss in knowledge, skills, and resources from the parents. They loose such things as support from the parent in finances, emotions, and care. Children tend to have a harder time dealing with a divorce the more divorces their parents go through. The better the parents adjust to these losses, the better the children will adjust, and the fewer problems that will come about. When the child is in a single parents home, there is usually a loss of money and therefore, resources. This can lead to the child being jealous of other children and having lower self esteem. Another cause that affects a child with divorced parents is that the child may have a more stressful life. The child may have to change schools with any move that may result from the divorce. Also, if the child is not old enough to take care of himself or herself and the now single parent works, the child would probably have to start attending a child care program. A child could have to alternate between parents in different houses which is also very hard on a child. The adjustments to different settings and what days he or she is at which house can be confusing and stressful. In a divorce, the parents usually do not get along and may have different opinions on items. They may go to court and fight against each other about what factors caused the separation leading to the divorce and how the properties are divided. This possible exposure is very unhealthy for a child. The child sees his parents fighting and may learn from the behavior and display it. He or she may see that behavior as being an acceptable action. The fighting behavior of parents causes behavioral problems within a child. The child may hear things from one parent about the other that causes the child to take sides when he or she should be learning not to be biased and to love both parents equally.

Codependency: Family and Co-dependency this Condition

Co-dependency is a learned behavior that can be passed down from one generation to another. It is an emotional and behavioral condition that affects an individual’s ability to have a healthy, mutually satisfying relationship. It is also known as â€Å"relationship addiction† because people with codependency often form or maintain relationships that are one-sided, emotionally destructive and/or abusive. The disorder was first identified about ten years ago as the result of years of studying interpersonal relationships in families of alcoholics.Co-dependent behavior is learned by watching and imitating other family members who display this type of behavior. Who Does Co-dependency Affect? Co-dependency often affects a spouse, a parent, sibling, friend, or co-worker of a person afflicted with alcohol or drug dependence. Originally, co-dependent was a term used to describe partners in chemical dependency, persons living with, or in a relationship with an addicted person. Sim ilar patterns have been seen in people in relationships with chronically or mentally ill individuals. Today, however, the term has broadened to describe any co-dependent person from any dysfunctional family. What is a Dysfunctional Family and How Does it Lead to Co-dependency? A dysfunctional family is one in which members suffer from fear, anger, pain, or shame that is ignored or denied. Underlying problems may include any of the following: †¢An addiction by a family member to drugs, alcohol, relationships, work, food, sex, or gambling. †¢The existence of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. †¢The presence of a family member suffering from a chronic mental or physical illness. Dysfunctional families do not acknowledge that problems exist. They don’t talk about them or confront them. As a result, family members learn to repress emotions and disregard their own needs. They become â€Å"survivors. † They develop behaviors that help them deny, ignore, or avoid difficult emotions. They detach themselves. They don’t talk. They don’t touch. They don’t confront. They don’t feel. They don’t trust. The identity and emotional development of the members of a dysfunctional family are often inhibited Attention and energy focus on the family member who is ill or ddicted. The co-dependent person typically sacrifices his or her needs to take care of a person who is sick. When co-dependents place other people’s health, welfare and safety before their own, they can lose contact with their own needs, desires, and sense of self. How Do Co-dependent People Behave? Co-dependents have low self-esteem and look for anything outside of themselves to make them feel better. They find it hard to â€Å"be themselves. † Some try to feel better through alcohol, drugs or nicotine – and become addicted. Related essay: Shame is Worth a Try Others may develop compulsive behaviors like workaholism, gambling, or indiscriminate sexual activity. They have good intentions. They try to take care of a person who is experiencing difficulty, but the caretaking becomes compulsive and defeating. Co-dependents often take on a martyr’s role and become â€Å"benefactors† to an individual in need. A wife may cover for her alcoholic husband; a mother may make excuses for a truant child; or a father may â€Å"pull some strings† to keep his child from suffering the consequences of delinquent behavior. The problem is that these repeated rescue attempts allow the needy individual to continue on a destructive course and to become even more dependent on the unhealthy caretaking of the â€Å"benefactor. † As this reliance increases, the co-dependent develops a sense of reward and satisfaction from â€Å"being needed. † When the caretaking becomes compulsive, the co-dependent feels choiceless and helpless in the relationship, but is unable to break away from the cycle of behavior that causes it. Co-dependents view themselves as victims and are attracted to that same weakness in the love and friendship relationships.

Ethics for the Real World

ETHICS FOR THE REAL WORLD Creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life RONALD A. HOWARD & CLINTON D. KORVER Hanle Ying Special Topics in Accounting March. 16, 2011 Introduction Within the development of human culture, ethics has been more and more emphasized in human beings. Ethics is not only requested in the work place, but also it should be requested in individuals. Ethics is an extremely helpful in human daily life. For the work place, ethics can help people to trust each other, allow people to know clearly what they can do or not do, and assist their efforts with each other to create a true market in the world.For the individuals, ethics can help to correct people’s attitude about life and to help them build a positive outlook. However, no matter whether in the work place or in an individual’s life, ethics can create a personal code to help people to make the right decision. Reading ETHICS FOR THE REAL WORLD-creating a personal code to guide decisio ns in work and life not only can help us know what ethics is and how we can draft a personal code to help us make the right decision, but it also lets us know how we can use ethics to transform our life and work.It’s really a good book on ethics and very practical for human beings. This book represents the different thinking of ethics and provides a personal code for people who working; individuals can use the code of ethics to examine their own ethical problems so they can make the right decisions during work. In the real world, there are many behaviors that look ethical, but are not. Conversely, some behaviors look unethical, but are ethical. Since we cannot always discriminate what is really ethical, we sometimes have a dilemma in making a decision.However, the description in this book, expressed by the authors help us to know what ethics is and he helps us to build an ethical framework and draft a personal code in our mind. We can use the ethical framework and the persona l code to help us make the right decision. The authors also demonstrate that people can use three steps to help them to clarify the ethical issue, evaluate the consequence of the behavior, and in the end, make the right decision. Moreover, ethics not only can help people make the right decision, but it also can help people to transform the work and life.Author Biography The names of the authors are Ronald A. Howard and Clinton D. Korver. â€Å"Ronald A. Howard is one of the founders of DEF, who is the academic director of the Strategic Decision and Risk Management certificate program at Stanford University. He supervises teaching and research in the Decision Analysis Program of the Department of Management Science and Engineering and he also is the director of the department’s Decision and Ethics Center. Moreover, Mr. , Howard is a professor in the Stanford Graduate School of Business.His experience covers many fields in decision analysis project, from investment planning to research strategy, and from hurricane seeding to nuclear waste isolation† (2011). Furthermore, â€Å"Mr. Howard has been a consultant to several companies and was a founding director and chairman of Strategic Decision Group† (2011). Clinton D. Korver not only is the co-author of Ethics for the Real World, but also â€Å"he is a partner and co-founder at Ulu Ventures, a Silicon Valley venture capital firm investing in early-stage information technology companies.He is also a Kauffman Fellow, co-founder and co-president of Stanford Angels & Entrepreneurs, and a venture partner at Crescendo Ventures† (2008). Moreover, â€Å"Mr. Korver is the founder and CEO of DecisionStreet, which provides Web-based tools to help consumers make information life decisions about health, wealth, housing, and family affairs† (2008). Mr. Howard and Mr. Korver wrote Ethics for the Real World-creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life in 2008.In order to create t he habit of highly ethical behavior, Howard and Korver help us to know what ethics is and how we can discriminate ethical issues in our daily lives. In addition, they help us to use ethics to make the best decision in every situation. Summary of Book It’s a good book on ethics, and the authors use a practical approach to talk about what ethics is. The purpose of the authors in this book is not to stimulate people to get high ethics in their mind. Contrarily, they want people to know and study ethics through the tiny little things around us. People do some things or make some decision unethically because they think he decision seems unimportant; however, they still want others to respect and trust them. They even want to continue live in a harmonious environment. But their actions and thoughts are reversed. As a result, this is one of the reasons why people sink into the ethical dilemma. The book provided many theories to help people to understand and study ethics, such as som e behavior seems ethical for one, but he still has to confirm if it’s ethical for another; one could look analyze another’s ethical behavior when one sinks into the ethical dilemma; and one could set up an ethical code to help him to correct his ethical problems.But the one of reason why people do the unethical things are they often misunderstand the meaning of ethical, legal, and moral. Someone considered poor ethical as poor moral. Also the legal behavior is considered ethical, and illegal behavior is considered unethical. Actually, there is a total difference between ethical, legal, and moral. Something could be legal, but it’s unethical, such as lie, using profanity to someone. Something could be illegal, but it might be ethical, such as killing terrorists. Therefore, the most important issue for people when knowing ethics is to be able to discriminate the meaning of ethical, legal, and moral.This topic was expounded clearly in the beginning of the book. Thi s book combined four parts: Introduction, seven chapters, an epilogue, and two appendices. Furthermore, the authors combined these four parts very logically, especially in the seven chapters. The authors provided the almost ethical at first, and give a roughly ethical frame in people’s mind, through know and study the ethics to create the personal code. And then use the personal code to do the ethical behavior or make the ethical decision. In the end, the authors demonstrate that the ethics can help people transform their work and life.This sequence is coincidence with people’s thinking and easier to be understood by people. The Introduction not only reflects the rough content of the rest of the book, but it also includes a short summary of each chapter, the engineering approach, and the clarification of the difference between ethical, legal, and moral. Moreover, it also includes the experience of both authors. This introduction is very helpful for people to know what the book is and how to use this book. In addition, the introduction also talks about the skill of making the right decision, it is a weakness we often have because we have little education in this area.The seven chapters can be divided into four parts: the first three chapters, the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter, and the last two chapters. The first three chapters represent what ethics is and the problem of setting up an ethical bottom line. Actually, ethics is not very strange for each person; everyone has a rough framework about ethics, but most of us don’t know the real meaning of ethics. Everyone wants to be an ethical person, and most people have an ethical bottom line to contrast their ethical behavior. This bottom line is very important for each person.But people always sink into the ethical trouble because the ethical bottom line. Certainly, someone utilize this bottom line and the loopholes in the law to build a gray area, doing something between right and wrong. Everybody knows that to tell a lie is unethical behavior, but some use white lies to prevent crime or war; why not? I think most of us would rather to tell this lie. Therefore, there are no fixed rules for people to study ethics. People should learn and analyze the ethics of other’s ethical behavior and set an own ethical bottom line to do the right things or decisions.The fourth chapter is based on the first three chapters. After people know what ethics is and set up an ethical bottom line to distinguish what they can do or not do, they should create their own ethical code to complete their ethical framework. The main purpose of the fourth chapter is to show people how to draft someone’s own ethical code. The fifth chapter talks about how some people to do nothing when facing unethical issues. Although people can make the ethical code by themselves, it does not mean they will be ethical all the time. In this situation, people have to re-clarify the ethical issue and t ry to create alternatives.Moreover, in order to ensure the feasibility of their alternatives, people have to evaluate the alternatives and then re-make the ethical decision. The last two chapters stated how people use their personal ethical codes to transform their personal life and work life. Having a good ethical code is very important to our daily lives. It not only helps us to distinguish what we can do or not do, but also it can make us face life and work peacefully. This has the most positive effect on our daily lives. The book is composed by the skill of ethical thinking and the ethical decision making.The main purpose in the Epilogue stated how people developed the habit by this skill. However, the habit is developed through constant practice, and the practice is directed by thoughts. Therefore, having good ethical thinking skills not only can help people to make the ethical decision, but also can help develop the right habit in their life. The Appendix A is the flow chart o f ethical decision making process which not only helps us know better what ethics is, but also we can use this flow chart to compare our ethical frame to correct and complete our weakness in ethics.The Appendix B talks about the three people’s ethical code that has totally different backgrounds. And the Appendix B let us know no matter what background people have, as long as they are willing to understand and study ethics, they can possess the ethical code. Personal Reflection and Conclusion I always ask myself what does ethics mean? What kind of action belongs to ethical or unethical? Is any behavior within laws ethical issue? However, we have to face ethical decisions in our daily lives, and we always sink into the ethical dilemma because of these decisions.For example, we will make some excuses to avoid trouble, and we will use some white lies to make others feel more acceptable. We always ignore ethics in some trivial things, and ethics becomes strangers around us. This b ook has very helpful to me. I know that I am not a real ethical man. For example, I used fake excuses to explain my absences; or a bad grade to my parents, as well as use profanity to someone. Now all these behaviors seem wrong. In the past time, I always use different excuses to avoid responsibility when I got into some troubles, and put all the blame upon someone or something else.Now I think carefully; avoiding responsibility is unethical behavior. Individual development and social development should not lack communication and responsibility. If everyone is not sincere and they choose to avoid responsibility when faced the trouble, the individual and social development cannot be achieved, not mention to creating a real life environment. Therefore, building a good personal code is very important to everyone. We are always bothered by the issue that seems ethical, but indeed it’s not.Different people have different values, so they have different ethical lines. Some consider that the white lie is moral; someone may consider that the rational avoidance tax also is moral. People always abandon their principle to do some things which they consider are ethical, but indeed they are not. Thus, people slowly lose their moral bottom line because of these tiny little issues, and then, make them into the gray areas to do something that seems legal, but indeed it’s unethical. If everyone stays in the gray area, nobody will be honest with each other anymore.Therefore, in order to correct our values and life attitude, we should build a personal code which cannot be broken by any excuses. Before doing anything or making any decision, we should consider own personal code and use it to restrain our behaviors, which give us no excuse to do anything that violates ethics. The authors Ronald A. Howard and Clinton D. Korver together created Ethics for the Real World-creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life, they clearly define what ethics is and u se bright black and white contrast to make us know better the meaning of ethics.Moreover, because of the sufficient experience, the essence of this book is easier to be accepted and studied and has a profound meaning in our daily work and life. The reason why I choose this book is I am always bothered by the ethics bottom line in the daily work and life. Sometimes ignore ethics because of the tiny little things. As a result, I slowly lose my ethics bottom line. Now think carefully; this is a wrong behavior and life attitude. This book opened my eyes; it teaches me that not only everyone should have their own ethical code and personal code, but also we should build our principle to do everything.No matter when we do anything or make decisions, we should base them on this personal code. Let our life be surrounded by ethics. Reference Clinton D. Korver, Bloomberg Businessweek, 2008, Retrieved from: http://www. businessweek. com/bios/Clinton_D. _Korver. htm Clinton D. â€Å"Clint† Korver’89 2001, Grinnell College, 2008, Retrieve from: http://www. grinnell. edu/offices/president/trustee/memberintro/korver Ronald A. Howard, Decision Education Foundation, 2011, Retrieve from: http://www. decisioneducation. org/about-DEF/board-of-directors/ronald-howard